<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal;" class="">Kristallnaght</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">The SS guard hit Zindel Grynszpan on the head and he fell</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Into a ditch. Father, he heard the voice of his son, you must</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Go on. Zindel took the hand of his son and climbed out of</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">The trench. With his wife, a son and daughter on his side</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">They continued the march. But the SS guards did not stop</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">The savage whipping of the deportees. Blood was flowing</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">On all sides.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">The Grynszpan family were Polish Jews from Hanover.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">When the Nazis came to power they became outcasts.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">In October 1938 they were expelled from Germany</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">And deported to Poland in a group of 12,000 Jews.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">They were taken by train to the frontier town Neubenschen</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">And from there on foot to the German-Polish border.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">When they reached the border heavy rain started to fall.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">The Nazis confiscated their money. They had no food to eat.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Polish officers arrived and began to inspect their papers.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">They admitted the refugees with Polish passports,</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Housing them in military stables. Old, sick and children</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Were herded together in most inhuman conditions.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">One of the first things that Zindel did in Poland was to send</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">A postcard to his seventeen year old son Hirsch in Paris.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">When Hirsch Grynszpan read the family’s tribulations</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">He became furious. His heart was filled with rage and hatred</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">And he decided to avenge their sufferings. On the morning</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Of November 7, Hirsch entered a gunsmith’s shop on rue</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Faubourg Saint-Martin and purchased a 6.35 calibre pistol</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">With a box of 25 bullets, for 235 Francs.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Then he took a ride on the Metro to the Solferino stop</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">And walked to the German Embassy at 78 rue de Lille.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Hirsch told the receptionist that he has some documents with him.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">He was received by Ernst vom Rath, the third secretary.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">When the German diplomat closed the door Hirsch pulled out</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">The gun. “You are a filthy Kraut”, he said, “and in the name of</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">12,000 persecuted Jews here is the document”. He fired five</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Bullets from point blank range at vom Rath. The diplomat died</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Two days later of his wounds.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">The assassination came as a godsend thing for the Nazis.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Hitler denounced it as part of a global Jewish conspiracy</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Against Germany. It became a pretext for the well-orchestrated</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Pogrom of Kristallnacht, the night of broken glass.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">During the night of November 9-10, 1938, in every place</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Throughout the Third Reich, Storm Troops attacked Jews</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">And Jewish institutions.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Hitler’s henchmen burnt down or destroyed in Germany</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Nearly two hundred synagogues. They burst into Jewish houses,</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Broke the glass of Jewish businesses and beat up Jews wherever</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">They found them. About ninety people were murdered</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">And thousands of others were wounded in the street violence.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">The Nazis also arrested thirty thousand Jews and sent them</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">To concentration camps in Buchenwald, Dachau,</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">And Sachsenhausen. And on top of all this, the Reich</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Cynically imposed a billion mark penalty</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">On the Jewish Community to pay for the damages.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">In Berlin hundreds of truncheon swinging storm troops</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Led the mob in smashing up the glass plate windows</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Of Jewish stores. In the Jewish neighbourhoods of German</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Cities the Nazis lit bonfires. They threw on them to burn</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Torah scrolls, prayer books and whole libraries. Thousands</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Of Germans joined the Storm Troops in the atrocities.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">But many resented the pogrom. People watched in horror</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">The roundup; they cried silently behind their curtains.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">On a third floor balcony in Leipzig</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Storm Troops shattered a balustrade and pushed</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">An upright oak wood piano over the edge. It plunged like</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">A black wingless dragon and fell helplessly to the street.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">It crashed on the pavement with a shocking clamour.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Its wooden casing had split. The strings stripped bare</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Stood in the middle of the wreckage as an orphan harp</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class="">Screaming with a heartbreaking outcry.</div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35); min-height: 22px;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; line-height: normal; color: rgb(35, 35, 35);" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>- Paul Hartal</div></body></html>