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<h1><b><font size=6 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:24.0pt'>Do
the world a favor: Please the pollinators<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<h3><b><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>By
MARGO McDONOUGH, Special to The News Journal<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h3>
<h4><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Posted Sunday,
August 5, 2007<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h4>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Area
gardeners are putting out the welcome mat, and the invited guests include
flies, beetles, wasps and moths. The enlightened individuals who are drawing up
such guest lists know these creatures do good things for the yard and garden.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>We may
not ooh and aah over them -- the way we do with hummingbirds and butterflies --
but flies, beetles, wasps and moths are pollinators all the same and an
integral part of the ecosystem.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>"Pollinator-friendly
gardening" is the newest thing in horticulture, spurred by the North
American Pollinator Protection Campaign, which held a series of public events
nationwide earlier this summer.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>But
"the newest thing" is not yet a widespread thing. "It's
definitely a hard sell, telling people they need to plant shrubs and flowers
that will draw flies and wasps to their yard," acknowledges Dr. Sue
Barton, University of Delaware Cooperative Extension specialist for ornamental
horticulture.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>"In
the case of flies, one of the trees they like is the hawthorn. Its scent
contains trimethylene, which also is what corpses give off as they decay. I
can't imagine anyone wanting this odor right next to a deck or patio,"
says Barton.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>"However,
with its white flowers in spring and red fruit in the fall, hawthorn makes an
attractive specimen tree and also works nicely as a hedge. So, I'd suggest
planting them on the perimeter of a yard," she says.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>And if
you do, you'll be helping some 140-plus insect species (not to mention 23
species of birds that eat the hawthorn's berries). In addition to flies,
pollinating insects that feed on the hawthorn include the caterpillars of
dozens of moths, such as the March, November and peppered moth, as well as the
Duke of Burgundy butterfly.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>But if
you don't have apple trees in your yard or cucumbers in your garden, you may be
wondering why you should care about pollinators. After all, <st1:State w:st="on">Delaware</st1:State>
farmers hire beekeepers from as far away as <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">California</st1:place></st1:State>, and their itinerant bees get the
job done, right?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Well, up
to now they have, but that's changing, according to Dr. Dewey Caron, an
entomologist with UD Cooperative Extension. "Declines in certain
pollinator populations, including the honeybee, have been reported here in <st1:State
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Delaware</st1:place></st1:State> and
worldwide." says Caron. "The causes of the decline include loss of
habitat, misuse of pesticides, invasive plants and animals, diseases and
parasites."<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>"This
is a problem we can't ignore because most flowering plants rely on pollinators
to reproduce," adds Caron. In fact, one third of all human food crops need
pollination. A world without pollinators would be a world without apples,
blueberries, strawberries, chocolate, almonds and many other food, fiber and
medicinal plants.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>To create
a pollinator-friendly garden, plant a variety of flowers, trees and shrubs for
continuous bloom from early spring through fall. "Early bloomers that are
pollinator-friendly include native cherries and dogwoods," says Barton.
"Heading into summer, viburnums, which are members of the honeysuckle
family, are attractive to butterflies and other pollinators.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>"A
good planting for mid-summer is the bottlebrush shrub," says Barton.
"Every July, the cluster of bottlebrush shrubs in my yard is covered with
swallowtail butterflies."<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Barton
likes black-eyed Susan and the sourwood, or sorrel, tree to keep pollinators
happy in mid-summer. Late-summer choices include Joe Pye weed, butterfly weed
and purple coneflower. And for autumn, Barton says to consider asters, which
are a late source of pollen for bees and wasps.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Other
elements in a pollinator-friendly garden are rocks (which provide warm places
for insects to perch) and water. To avoid the water source becoming a breeding
ground for mosquitoes, refill daily. Caron also stresses the importance of
reducing or eliminating pesticide use.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>To learn more
about pollinator-friendly gardening, check out www.pollinator.org.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:#004000'>Jennifer Tsang<br>
<a href="http://coevolution.org">Coevolution Institute</a><br>
<st1:Street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">423 Washington St.</st1:address></st1:Street>
5th Fl.<br>
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