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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'>Thanks to Mary Clock-Rust for forwarding the below:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Arial'><a
href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/05/elephants-fear-bees-new-r_n_564404.html">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/05/elephants-fear-bees-new-r_n_564404.html</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<h1><b><font size=6 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:24.0pt'><a
href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/05/elephants-fear-bees-new-r_n_564404.html">Elephants
Fear Bees, New Research Shows</a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><a
href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/05/elephants-fear-bees-new-r_n_564404.html?view=print">KATHARINE
HOURELD</a> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'><!-- google search --><!-- Visual Sciences HTML for Search -->JOHANNESBURG</span></font></st1:place></st1:City>
— Eek, a bee!<o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Lore has
it that elephants are afraid of mice, but scientists have now discovered that
elephants are truly afraid of bees – and that the pachyderms even sound
an alarm when they encounter them. The researchers hope this discovery can help
save farmers' crops from elephants.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>And they
hope it will save elephants too.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Conflict
between humans and elephants in countries like <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Kenya</st1:place></st1:country-region> occur often. A single hungry
elephant can wipe out a family's crops overnight. Farmers will huddle by fires
all night during the harvest season. When an elephant nears, the farmers spring
up with flaming sticks while their children bang on pots and pans. Not all
fields can be guarded, and sometimes the elephants aren't frightened off.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Farmers
sometimes kill elephants for raiding their crops. Rampaging elephants have also
killed people, and they are then hunted down by park rangers.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The
discovery that elephants emit low-frequency alarm calls around bees could help
lessen these conflicts, said Lucy King, a researcher into animal behavior whose
paper on elephants alarm calls was published in a journal of the Public Library
of Science last week.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Farmers
could make "bee fences" by stringing up hives on poles around ten
meters (yards) apart, King said. A strong wire connecting the poles would cause
them to swing when an elephant walks into it, disturbing the bees. The swarm
bothers elephants so much that they flee, emitting low rumblings inaudible to
the human ear that warn other elephants nearby.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>"It's
impossible to cover <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place> in electric
fences," King said in an interview. "The infrastructure doesn't exist
in many places and it would restrict animals' movement. This could be a better
way to direct elephants away from farmers' crops."<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>King's
findings are based on two separate experiments, part of a project by <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Oxford</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">University</st1:PlaceType></st1:place>
and Save the Elephants. In the first, she played recorded bee sounds near
elephants, causing them to flee. The researchers noticed that elephants distant
from the sound also moved away, leading them to speculate the elephants were
communicating an alarm below the range of human hearing.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>For her
second experiment, King hung ultra-sensitive microphones from trees. She
recorded elephant rumblings over a two-month experiment in <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Kenya</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s Samburu
park.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>"We
put the speaker in a bush quite away from the car. We didn't want to get
charged by mistake," she said.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>She then
played the sounds back to elephants. When they heard the recorded rumblings
they moved away, confirming the researchers' hunch about alarm calls.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>King said
further research is needed before her findings can be put to wide use. But
she's hopeful they can help find a solution to some of the 1,300 complaints the
Kenya Wildlife Service records about elephant-human contact each year. Many
elephants in <st1:place w:st="on">Africa</st1:place> don't live in the
protected confines of a national park.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The
findings have generated some excitement.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>"This
sort of initiative is very encouraging in helping prevent human wildlife
conflict," said Paul Udoto, a spokesman for KWS.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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