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<DIV><FONT lang=0 face="Gill Sans MT" size=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" PTSIZE="10"><BR><BR>Laurie Davies Adams<BR>Executive Director<BR>Pollinator
Partnership<BR>P 415 362 1137<BR>F 415 362 3070<BR>423 Washington Street, 5th
Floor<BR>San Francisco, CA 94111<BR><A href="http://www.pollinator.org/">www.pollinator.org</A><BR><A href="http://www.nappc.org/">www.nappc.org</A><U><BR></U>LDA@pollinator.org
<BR><BR></FONT><FONT lang=0 face=Arial color=#000000 size=2 FAMILY="SANSSERIF" PTSIZE="10"><B><I>Take Action for Pollinators at <A href="http://www.pollinator.org/">www.pollinator.org</A> </B></I><BR>
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From: Kim@BeeCulture.com<BR>To: LDA@pollinator.org<BR>Sent: 12/22/2010 6:31:34
P.M. Pacific Standard Time<BR>Subj: CATCH THE BUZZ - VIRUSES, HONEY BEES AND
POLLINATORS<BR></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV><FONT style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent" face=Arial color=#000000 size=2>This ezine is also available online at <A title=http://home.ezezine.com/1636/1636-2010.12.22.21.35.archive.html href="http://home.ezezine.com/1636/1636-2010.12.22.21.35.archive.html">http://home.ezezine.com/1636/1636-2010.12.22.21.35.archive.html</A><BR><BR>
<H1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 20pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">CATCH
THE BUZZ
<P></SPAN></H1>
<H1 style="MARGIN: auto 0in"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Movement and
threat of </SPAN><STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">RNA</SPAN></STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 13.5pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"> viruses
widespread in pollinator community
<P></SPAN></H1>
<P><PLACE><PLACENAME><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Penn</SPAN></PLACENAME><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">
</SPAN><PLACETYPE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">State</SPAN></PLACETYPE></PLACE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"> researchers have
found that native pollinators, like wild bees and wasps, are infected by the
same viral diseases as honey bees and that these viruses are transmitted via
pollen. Their research published on December 22nd in PLoS
</SPAN><STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">ONE</SPAN></STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">, an online
open-access journal for the communication of all peer-reviewed scientific and
medical research.
<P></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"><A title=http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014357 href="http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014357"><FONT color=#800080>This multi-institutional study</FONT></A> provides new insights
into viral infections in native pollinators, suggesting that viral diseases
may be key factors impacting pollinator populations.
<P></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">According
to Diana Cox-Foster, co-author and professor of entomology at
</SPAN><PLACE><PLACENAME><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Penn</SPAN></PLACENAME><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">
</SPAN><PLACETYPE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">State</SPAN></PLACETYPE></PLACE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">, pollinator
populations have declined for various reasons, including ribonucleic acid
(</SPAN><STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">RNA</SPAN></STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">) viruses, which
are emerging as a serious threat. "</SPAN><STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">RNA</SPAN></STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"> viruses are suspected as major
contributors to Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD ), where honey bee colonies die
with few or no bees left in the hives. Recent detection of these viral species
in bumble bees and other native pollinators indicates a possible wider
environmental spread of these viruses with potential broader impact," explains
Cox-Foster.
<P></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">The
researchers studied viral distributions from pollen pellets of honey bees and
other pollinators collected from flowering plants in
</SPAN><STATE><PLACE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Pennsylvania</SPAN></PLACE></STATE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">,
</SPAN><STATE><PLACE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">New
York</SPAN></PLACE></STATE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">, and
</SPAN><STATE><PLACE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Illinois</SPAN></PLACE></STATE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"> in the
</SPAN><COUNTRY-REGION><PLACE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">United
States</SPAN></PLACE></COUNTRY-REGION><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">. "For the first
time, </SPAN><STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">RNA</SPAN></STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"> viruses such as
deformed wing virus, sacbrood virus and black queen cell virus were detected
in pollen pellets collected directly from forager bees," said Cox-Foster.
"Pollen pellets from several uninfected forager bees were detected with virus,
indicating that pollen itself may harbor viruses. The viruses in the pollen
and honey stored in the hive were demonstrated to be infective, with the queen
becoming infected and laying infected eggs after these virus-contaminated
foods were given to virus-free colonies."
<P></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">The
detection of </SPAN><STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">RNA</SPAN></STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"> viruses in other
pollinators, including bumble bees, solitary bees and wasps, suggests that
viruses might have a deeper impact on ecosystem health , given that these
pollinators are essential to most plants for seed set and production of
fruits, nuts, berries, and vegetables. The findings are important to the
public and scientific community worldwide, given pollinators' role in
agriculture and the environment and recent declines in native pollinators. The
findings also raise biosecurity issues because pollen is currently being
imported into many countries to feed honey bees used in agricultural
pollination.
<P></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Competing
Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
<P></SPAN></P>
<P><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Funding:
Funding for this study was provided by Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture
(<A title=http://www.agriculture.state.pa.us/ href="http://www.agriculture.state.pa.us/"><SPAN class=Hyperlink2><FONT color=#2c56ac>www.agriculture.state.pa.us</FONT></SPAN></A>) (grant ME 446716
awarded to DCF and NO), Hatch funds from the Experiment Station,
</SPAN><PLACE><PLACENAME><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">Pennsylvania</SPAN></PLACENAME><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">
</SPAN><PLACETYPE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">State</SPAN></PLACETYPE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">
</SPAN><PLACETYPE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri">University</SPAN></PLACETYPE></PLACE><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Calibri"> (<A title=http://research.cas.psu.edu/ href="http://research.cas.psu.edu/"><SPAN class=Hyperlink2><FONT color=#2c56ac>research.cas.psu.edu</FONT></SPAN></A>)
(awarded to ER and RS), Integrated Pest Management Collaborative Research
Support Program (IPM CRSP) USAID Cooperative agreement No.
EPP-A-00-04-00016-00 (<A title=http://www.oired.vt.edu/ipmcrsp href="http://www.oired.vt.edu/ipmcrsp"><SPAN class=Hyperlink2><FONT color=#2c56ac>www.oired.vt.edu/ipmcrsp</FONT></SPAN></A>) (awarded to ER), and
a honey bee health improvement project grant from North American Pollinator
Protection Campaign (NAPPC; <A title=http://www.nappc.org/ href="http://www.nappc.org/"><SPAN class=Hyperlink2><FONT color=#2c56ac>www.nappc.org</FONT></SPAN></A>) awarded to RS. The funders had
no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or
preparation of the manuscript.
<P></SPAN></P>
<P><FONT size=2><FONT face=Verdana><SPAN style="COLOR: black">Citation: Singh
R, Levitt AL, Rajotte EG, Holmes EC, Ostiguy N, et al. (2010)
</SPAN><STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="COLOR: black">RNA</SPAN></STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> Viruses in Hymenopteran Pollinators: Evidence of
Inter-Taxa Virus Transmission via Pollen and Potential Impact on Non-Apis
Hymenopteran Species. PLoS </SPAN><STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="COLOR: black">ONE</SPAN></STOCKTICKER><SPAN style="COLOR: black">
5(12): e14357. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014357
<P></SPAN></FONT></FONT></P>
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