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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Hi all,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>I have attached a paper addressing that question.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Kim<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> beemonitoring@yahoogroups.com [mailto:beemonitoring@yahoogroups.com] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Doug Yanega<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, December 04, 2013 1:44 PM<br><b>To:</b> Peter Bernhardt; David Inouye<br><b>Cc:</b> pollinator@coevolution.org; Andy Huber; Bee United<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [beemonitoring] Re: pollination improves strawberry shelf life<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><div id=ygrp-mlmsg><div id=ygrp-msg><div id=ygrp-text><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 12/4/13 10:18 AM, Peter Bernhardt wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><div id=ygrp-text><div><p class=MsoNormal>Considering the physical size of strawberry flowers one wonders whether cross-pollinated fruit set in domesticated strawberries would be higher when pollinated by small, native bees or by commercial honeybees? Do honeybees carrying pollen "hit" the tiny stigmas in each flower as often and as thoroughly as tiny, solitary bees? <o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal><br>This probably depends on whether the flowers are self-compatible. If so, then any visitor that moves around on the flower is likely to pollinate. If not, then honeybees, by virtue of grooming pollen into the corbicula, are probably less likely (on average) to have free grains of pollen un-groomed that can carry over from one plant to another. The entire ventral surface of a typical halictid or andrenid carries pollen - LOTS of it - which must certainly increase the probability of cross-fertilization.<br><br>Peace,<br><br><o:p></o:p></p><pre>-- <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Doug Yanega Dept. of Entomology Entomology Research Museum<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0314 skype: dyanega<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>phone: (951) 827-4315 (disclaimer: opinions are mine, not UCR's)<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <a href="http://cache.ucr.edu/~heraty/yanega.html">http://cache.ucr.edu/~heraty/yanega.html</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> "There are some enterprises in which a careful disorderliness<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> is the true method" - Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chap. 82<o:p></o:p></pre></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:white'>__._,_.___<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td style='border:solid #EAEAEA 1.0pt;background:#F2F2F2;padding:5.25pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt'><p 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