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<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12375/abstract" eudora="autourl">
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/2041-210X.12375/abstract<br>
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<dd><font face="Segoe UI" size=2>Gezon, Z. J., E. S. Wyman, J. S. Ascher,
D. W. Inouye, and R. E. Irwin. 2015. The effect of repeated, lethal
sampling on wild bee abundance and diversity. Methods in Ecology and
Evolution: in press.<br><br>
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</dl><h3><b>Summary</b></h3>1.Bee pollinators provide a critical
ecosystem service to wild and agricultural plants but are reported to be
declining worldwide due to anthropogenic change. Long-term data on bee
abundance and diversity are scarce, and the need for additional
quantitative sampling using repeatable methods has been emphasized.
Recently, monitoring programs have begun using a standardized method that
employs a combination of pan traps and sweep netting, resulting in lethal
sampling of bees. This standardized method can remove a large number of
bees from sites during each sampling day, raising concern that the
sampling itself could have a negative effect on bee populations.<br><br>
2.We conducted an experiment to assess whether lethal sampling for bees
using pan traps and netting affected bee abundance and diversity when
done every two weeks throughout a season and over multiple years. We
compared bee abundance, richness, evenness and functional group
composition between sites that had been sampled every two weeks from 2009
to 2012 to similar sites not previously sampled.<br><br>
3.We found that the standardized method for sampling bees, with specimens
from 132 morphospecies, did not affect bee communities in terms of
abundance, rarefied richness, evenness, or functional group composition.
Thus, our results indicate that the bee communities we sampled are robust
to such sampling efforts, despite removing an average of 2,862 bees per
season.<br><br>
4.We discuss several explanations for why sampling did not affect bee
abundance or community structure, including a density-dependent response
to reduced competition for resources.<br><br>
5.These results suggest that bee monitoring programs sampling once every
two weeks with pan traps and netting will not affect bee community
structure. We urge researchers monitoring bees to utilize standardized
protocols so that results can be compared across space and time.<br>
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