<div dir="ltr"><br clear="all"><div><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Patricia S. De
Angelis, Ph.D.</span><br></div><div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Botanist, US Fish
& Wildlife Service-Division of Scientific Authority</span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">Chair, Plant Conservation Alliance-Medicinal
Plant Working Group</span></div><div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif">703-358-1708 x 1753</span></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div>
<br><div class="gmail_quote">---------- Forwarded message ----------<br>From: <b class="gmail_sendername">De Angelis, Patricia</b> <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:patricia_deangelis@fws.gov">patricia_deangelis@fws.gov</a>></span><br>Date: Mon, Mar 23, 2015 at 9:05 AM<br>Subject: A remarkable spore dispersal mechanism<br>To: native-plants <<a href="mailto:native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org">native-plants@lists.plantconservation.org</a>><br><br><br><div dir="ltr"><div><span style="line-height:38.4000015258789px"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">News article followed by the citation to the article in the journal, "Current Biology."</font></span></div><div>GLOWING MUSHROOM ATTRACTS INSECTS<br><br>By Emily Conover <br><br>These glow-in-the-dark mushrooms might look like something from a 1960s black-light poster, but the luminous fungus Neonothopanus gardneri grows at the base of palm trees in Brazilian forests. The shrooms put on their light show to attract insects that will spread their spores, according to a study published online today in Current Biology. To test if that was the reason for the glow, the scientists placed plastic mushroom decoys at the base of trees, some lit with green LEDs to mimic the bioluminescence of the real thing. Over 5 nights, they counted the insect visitors to each imitation mushroom and found that those without LED light had far fewer: They collected a total of 12 insects from the dark mushrooms, compared with 42 from the glowing ones. In lab work, the researchers also showed that the mushrooms follow a daily rhythm, lighting up only when it's dark—presumably, an energy-conserving measure and another indication that their glow serves a purpose.<br><br><a href="http://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2015/03/glowing-mushroom-attracts-insects?utm_campaign=email-news-weekly&utm_src=email" target="_blank">http://news.sciencemag.org/biology/2015/03/glowing-mushroom-attracts-insects?utm_campaign=email-news-weekly&utm_src=email</a><br><br>CIRCADIAN CONTROL SHEDS LIGHT ON FUNGAL BIOLUMENSCENCE<br><br>Anderson et al 2015<br><br>Summary: Bioluminescence, the creation and emission of light by organisms, affords insight into the lives of organisms doing it. Luminous living things are widespread and access diverse mechanisms to generate and control luminescence [ 1–5 ]. Among the least studied bioluminescent organisms are phylogenetically rare fungi—only 71 species, all within the ∼9,000 fungi of the temperate and tropical Agaricales order—are reported from among ∼100,000 described fungal species [ 6, 7 ]. All require oxygen [ 8 ] and energy (NADH or NADPH) for bioluminescence and are reported to emit green light (λmax 530 nm) continuously, implying a metabolic function for bioluminescence, perhaps as a byproduct of oxidative metabolism in lignin degradation. Here, however, we report that bioluminescence from the mycelium of Neonothopanus gardneri is controlled by a temperature-compensated circadian clock, the result of cycles in content/activity of the luciferase, reductase, and luciferin that comprise the luminescent system. Because regulation implies an adaptive function for bioluminescence, a controversial question for more than two millennia [ 8–15 ], we examined interactions between luminescent fungi and insects [ 16 ]. Prosthetic acrylic resin “mushrooms,” internally illuminated by a green LED emitting light similar to the bioluminescence, attract staphilinid rove beetles (coleopterans), as well as hemipterans (true bugs), dipterans (flies), and hymenopterans (wasps and ants), at numbers far greater than dark control traps. Thus, circadian control may optimize energy use for when bioluminescence is most visible, attracting insects that can in turn help in spore dispersal, thereby benefitting fungi growing under the forest canopy, where wind flow is greatly reduced.<br><br><a href="http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(15)00160-8" target="_blank">http://www.cell.com/current-biology/abstract/S0960-9822(15)00160-8</a></div><div><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif"><br></span></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><br clear="all"><div><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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