<div dir="ltr">Dear Jack:<div><br></div><div>Thanks. When it comes to nectar volumes of < 2 micro liters I prefer to pool instead of dilute. Generally speaking, plants offering very little nectar produce more than one flower on the same day so my readings may be based on an entire inflorescence or section (paracladium) of an inflorescence. Then I've had some really weird cases like Paeonia brownii that produces so much fluid my nectar measurements can be based on the contents of only one nectar gland on the same flower or I can pool the contents of half a dozen cup-shaped glands on the same flower.</div><div><br></div><div><a href="http://www.pollinationecology.org/index.php?journal=jpe&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=193">http://www.pollinationecology.org/index.php?journal=jpe&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=193</a> </div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Mon, Apr 6, 2015 at 10:17 AM, Jack Neff <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jlnatctmi@yahoo.com" target="_blank">jlnatctmi@yahoo.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-family:HelveticaNeue,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,Lucida Grande,sans-serif;font-size:12px"><div dir="ltr"><span>Nectar from the crop of a honey bee or bumble bee is easily measured. If one wants to be precise about volume one can dissect out the crop but if all one wants is concentration, the bee will usually regurgitate significant amounts of nectar with gentle pressure on the metasoma (one usually needs to wear gloves to avoid getting stung.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>B &S Eclipse models work well. One can attempt direct measurement of concentration in nectar amounts less than 1 </span>micro (very common in many small flowers) by diluting the nectar sample on the refractometer with a known volume of distilled water to get a sample big enough to measure than back calculating the concentration of the original (small) sample. </div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">best</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div dir="ltr">Jack</div><div></div><div> </div><div><div>John L. Neff<br>Central Texas Melittological Institute<br>7307 Running Rope<br>Austin,TX 78731 USA<br><a href="tel:512-345-7219" value="+15123457219" target="_blank">512-345-7219</a></div></div> <br><div><br><br></div><div style="display:block"> <div style="font-family:HelveticaNeue,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,Lucida Grande,sans-serif;font-size:12px"> <div style="font-family:HelveticaNeue,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,Lucida Grande,sans-serif;font-size:16px"><div><div class="h5"> <div dir="ltr"> <font face="Arial"> On Monday, April 6, 2015 9:24 AM, "Peter Bernhardt <a href="mailto:bernhap2@slu.edu" target="_blank">bernhap2@slu.edu</a> [beemonitoring]" <<a href="mailto:beemonitoring-noreply@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">beemonitoring-noreply@yahoogroups.com</a>> wrote:<br> </font> </div> <br><br> </div></div><div><div><div>
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<div></div><div dir="ltr">What it be possible to have a discussion on the merits of different models of hand-held sugar refractometers? This is the time of year in which our lab receives inquiries on what we use and what they should order.<div><br clear="none"></div><div>Since 1985, our lab has remained faithful to the hand-held sugar refractometer models produced by Bellingham and Standley. We've ordered them through Epic and try to keep up with changes in models. We currently use the Eclipse 45-03 for nectars removed from flowers under bridal veil or muslin. We've been happy with Eclipse models over the years as they provide a reading with only 2 micro liters of fluid. We are currently writing up our paper on pollination of Asclepias meadii. Nectar extractions were easy as a first day flower usually secreted about 5 micro liters. Yes, our lab also sends out dried nectar spots for biochemical analyses (sugars and amino acids) when the budget permits.</div><div><br clear="none"></div><div>However, I recently received an inquiry about a refractometer to measure sugar concentrations removed from the crops of honeybees. We've never done that in our lab. I notice that Bellingham and Standley offer a "honey and water" model. I've never used it and wonder if anyone here has?</div><div><br clear="none"></div><div><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" href="http://www.bellinghamandstanley.com/ltd/handheld_tech.html" target="_blank">http://www.bellinghamandstanley.com/ltd/handheld_tech.html</a><br clear="none"></div><div><br clear="none"></div><div>Peter</div></div>
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