<div dir="ltr">The speculation about increased use of neonics and the innuendo that this could increase risk to pollinators is not the stuff of science or agro-economics. The concept that nearly all corn and Soybeans planted in North America is already treated with these products makes it hard to understand how the use rates could increase. These products have been on the market a long time and will be ending their market life cycle due to newer products and improvements in non chemical methods of control. It is likely that the use of these products will decline.<div><br><div>On the other hand, the Australian Government has proposed regulating and licensing beekeepers. I think this is a good idea. Beekeepers have been left out of agricultural regulations for too long and should be brought up to the same standards that apply to other agriculture. If bees are vital to survival of the plant, why are they not regulated and licensed? There are beekeepers who use no effective recognized disease control.(chemical or nonchemical). These are no more than disease breeders. Nearly all in-hive pesticides are applied preventively by those who do apply treatments. One could say "If this is bad, its bad for beekeepers too", but i don't think its bad. It leads to an order of magnitude reduction in overall pesticide use and imporves yield per acre and per dollar of input..It should be regulated better to avoid misuse and development of resistance. </div><div><br></div><div> </div></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Apr 2, 2015 at 4:55 PM, Clement Kent <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:clementfkent@gmail.com" target="_blank">clementfkent@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div><div><div><div><div><div>A paper from Margaret Douglas and John Tooker (<a href="mailto:tooker@psu.edu" target="_blank">tooker@psu.edu</a>) of the Dept. of Entomology of Pennsylvania State University has just been published online in the journal Environmental Science and Technology (DOI: 10.1021/es506141g, <a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es506141g?src=recsys" target="_blank">http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es506141g?src=recsys</a>). Titled "<i>Large-Scale Deployment of Seed Treatments Has Driven Rapid Increase in Use of Neonicotinoid Insecticides and Preemptive Pest Management in U.S. Field Crops</i>", the article tabulates data from several sources including some poorly known ones, from 1994 to 2011. The authors highlight the fact that the major national pesticide survey run by NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service) does not monitor levels of pesticides in seed treatments. They found alternative data sources from which they calculated total neonic use in seed treatments and in other treatments over this 19 year period.<br><br></div>Data from their Figure 1c shows that total neonic usage prior to 2004 never exceed about 250,000 kilograms per year. In 2004 U.S. usage jumped to about 700,000 kilograms per year and rose steadily thereafter to approximately 2,300,000 kilograms/year on 2011.<br><br></div>Their Figure 2 shows that the percent of national maize (corn) crop treated rose from near zero in 2003 to about 50% in 2005 and 85-90% in 2011. <br><br></div>Although their data does not extend past 2011, they note:<br><br><div style="margin-left:40px">"If current trends continue, neonicotinoid use could increase<br>considerably further through use of seed treatments on<br>additional crop area (e.g., on soybeans or wheat), or through<br>higher per-seed application rates. In 2013, mid- or high-rate<br>products were apparently widely used and this year at least<br>one seed company has announced that its “standard” treatment<br>for maize seed will now include the highest labeled rate of NST<br>(1.25 mg ai/seed, five times the low rate)."<br></div><br></div>Thus the 2011 usage rates, even though much higher than 2004 rates, are probably less than 2013-2014 usage rates.<br><br></div>Detailed numerical tables are published in their Supporting Information and are freely available at <a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es506141g" target="_blank">http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es506141g</a><br><br></div>This paper provides a valuable summary of neonic usage rates in the U.S. which will help inform the debate over this category of pesticides. It also emphasizes that there is a lacuna in the reporting methodology of some of the major agricultural pesticide use surveys in that seed treatments are being omitted. <br><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><div><div><div><div><div><div><br></div><div>Clement Kent<br></div><div><br><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></font></span></div>
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<br></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr">John Purdy PhD<div>Environmental Scientist</div><div>Abacus Consulting Services Ltd</div></div></div>
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