<div dir="ltr">Thank you, John> Did you watch the video? It looks like those males are defending flowering clumps. So, they don't stab. They rip or damage wings, very interesting.<div><br></div><div>Peter</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, May 13, 2015 at 9:18 PM, John Plant <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:john.plant3@hotmail.com" target="_blank">john.plant3@hotmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div style="BACKGROUND-COLOR:#fff" dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="FONT-SIZE:12pt;FONT-FAMILY:'Calibri';COLOR:#000000">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN:0in 0in 10pt;LINE-HEIGHT:13pt">We found that
territorial males of Anthidium manicatum would attack most any flower-visitor to
Stachys byzanthina, especially honeybees. Some attacks resulted in the death of
the intruder, mostly honeybees and occasionally a bumblebee. Long-tongued
solitary bees such as Megachile and Anthophora were generally too nimble. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN:0in 0in 10pt;LINE-HEIGHT:13pt">They did not
kill by puncture; rather the base of one of the forewings gets torn or broken,
making the victim unable to fly.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN:0in 0in 10pt;LINE-HEIGHT:13pt">The species
only shows territorial behavior if the flowers it defends are numerous and
clumped together.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN:0in 0in 10pt;LINE-HEIGHT:13pt">John
Plant</p>
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<div> </div>
<div style="BACKGROUND:#f5f5f5">
<div><b>From:</b> <a title="beemonitoring-noreply@yahoogroups.com" href="mailto:beemonitoring-noreply@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">mailto:beemonitoring-noreply@yahoogroups.com</a>
</div>
<div><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, May 13, 2015 13:23</div>
<div><b>To:</b> <a title="bernhap2@slu.edu" href="mailto:bernhap2@slu.edu" target="_blank">Peter
Bernhardt</a> ; <a title="beemonitoring@yahoogroups.com" href="mailto:beemonitoring@yahoogroups.com" target="_blank">Bee United</a> ; <a title="pollinator@lists.sonic.net" href="mailto:pollinator@lists.sonic.net" target="_blank">Pollinator List-serv</a> ; <a title="renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn" href="mailto:renzongxin@mail.kib.ac.cn" target="_blank">任宗昕</a>
; <a title="j.alcock@asu.edu" href="mailto:j.alcock@asu.edu" target="_blank">John Alcock</a>
</div>
<div><b>Subject:</b> Re: [beemonitoring] Male carder bees wound native
bees?</div></div></div>
<div> </div></div>
<div style="FONT-SIZE:small;TEXT-DECORATION:none;FONT-FAMILY:"Calibri";FONT-WEIGHT:normal;COLOR:#000000;FONT-STYLE:normal;DISPLAY:inline"><span> </span>
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<div>
<div>
<p>
</p><div>On 5/13/15 6:12 AM, Peter Bernhardt <a href="mailto:bernhap2@slu.edu" target="_blank">bernhap2@slu.edu</a> [beemonitoring]
wrote:<br></div>
<blockquote type="cite"><span> </span>
<div></div></blockquote><br>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>Male bees lack stings for obvious reasons but these males evolved a
"sting" much the same way a panda has evolved a thumb. It's the old
natural selection fiddling with spare parts story publicized by the late S.J.
Gould. Does anyone know of other life-histories of male bees with such
"pseudo stingers?"</div></div></div></div></div><img src="http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=97359714/grpId=17598545/grpspId=1705083125/msgId=3926/stime=1431522755" width="1" height="1"> <br><img src="http://y.analytics.yahoo.com/fpc.pl?ywarid=515FB27823A7407E&a=10001310322279&js=no&resp=img" width="1" height="1">
<div style="min-height:0px;COLOR:#fff"></div></blockquote><br>Aggressive
territorial males occur at least in Anthidium and Megachile (e.g., the aptly
name M. pugnata), though only Anthidium (some but not all species) have actual
"prongs" that could be used to puncture. It is perhaps not a coincidence that
Anthidium is one of the few bee genera where males are substantially larger than
females. The ability of manicatum to wound other bees has been noted in the
literature and anecdotally for many years; I'm not aware of any other species
known to do this.<br><br>Peace,<br><pre cols="72">--
Doug Yanega Dept. of Entomology Entomology Research Museum
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0314 skype: dyanega
phone: <a href="tel:%28951%29%20827-4315" value="+19518274315" target="_blank">(951) 827-4315</a> (disclaimer: opinions are mine, not UCR's)
<a href="http://cache.ucr.edu/~heraty/yanega.html" target="_blank">http://cache.ucr.edu/~heraty/yanega.html</a>
"There are some enterprises in which a careful disorderliness
is the true method" - Herman Melville, Moby Dick, Chap. 82</pre><p></p></div>
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