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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Hi Peter,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">I agree. Such videos should be attractive, entertaining, informative and totally ACCURATE!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Graham<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Prof Graham H. Pyke<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">School of Life Sciences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">University of Technology Sydney<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">e:
<a href="mailto:Graham.Pyke@uts.edu.au">Graham.Pyke@uts.edu.au</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Co-founder (with Prof Paul Ehrlich, Stanford University) of Sustainability Central Website:
</span><a name="_GoBack"></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A"><a href="http://sustainabilitycentral.com.au/">http://sustainabilitycentral.com.au</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Facebook page: Sustainability Central<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Twitter: @sustaincentral<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Partner with Prof Paul Ehrlich’s Stanford-based Millennium Alliance for Humanity & the Biosphere<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Website:
</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A"><a href="http://mahb.stanford.edu/">http://mahb.stanford.edu/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Personal website:</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A">
<a href="http://www.professorgrahamhpyke.com/">http://www.professorgrahamhpyke.com/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Pollinator [mailto:pollinator-bounces+graham.pyke=uts.edu.au@lists.sonic.net]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Peter Bernhardt<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, 20 July 2016 6:37 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Kelly Rourke<br>
<b>Cc:</b> 00—Pollinator 00—Pollinator<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Pollinator] NPR WATCH: The Secret Buzz Only Bumblebees Know To Unlock Our Favorite Crops<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Kelly:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Yes, this video is attractive, entertaining and informative. As someone who has studied buzz-pollination in four countries since 1976 (Hey, I can't the THAT old!), though, bits of the text and narration are a little misleading. What's
wrong with the following statement?<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#333333">In contrast, buzz-pollinated flowers encourage bees to eat the pollen directly and hope some grains will make it to another flower. The evolutionary strategy is
baffling to scientists.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Huh? When was the last time anyone saw a bee gobbling pollen as it emerges from the anther holes? Most buzz-pollinated flowers are visited by females collecting the pollen for their offspring or developing sisters. Males of the same
species tend to avoid buzz-pollinated flowers unless they are looking for nubile females. Furthermore, this mode of pollination has been studied intensely in America since the 1960's and evolutionary biologists are not baffled by it anymore.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Second, the narration compares the buzz-pollinated flower to a private dining club. That's fine, the clientele is limited to those capable of harvesting the grains via sonication. However, this implies that when bumblebees forage all
they visit are the buzz-pollinated flowers during the SAME foraging bout. This is not the case. The bumblebees must participate in the same free-for-all on other flowering species in the area. Why? Most buzz-pollinated flowers lack nectar. If the bee
did nothing but forage on buzz-pollinated flowers during a collecting trip it would soon run out of energy and collapse before retuning to the nest. Sonicating bees almost invariably visit nectar-secreting flowers on most buzz-pollinating trips. When they
switch to nectar secreting flowers they also collect some pollen and it is mixed with buzz-pollinated flowers. The late Walter Macior was among the first to show this in the '60's - '80's in his work on buzz-pollinated Dodecatheon and Pedicularis species
of North America. I found it in bumblebees foraging on buzz-pollianted Echeandia in Central America in the '70's. Bumblebees aren't the only ones that do this, by the way. It happens in Australia where bumblebees are not native and one sees the same mixed
pollen loads on the hind legs of halictids and Leioproctus (colletids) caught on buzz-pollinated Dianella, other lily-like plants and Hibbertia. Sun orchids (Thelymitra) actually mimic buzz-pollinated plants. They wear clusters of ball-like hairs on their
columns to lure bees into vibrating them while their bee butts contact the stick plug that lets them carry of the orchid's pollen. All this stuff from the labs of Bernhardt, Buchmann, Macior and others has been published for years.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">If you don't believe me ask Dr Buchmann who would have made a superior consultant on this video.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Peter<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Tue, Jul 19, 2016 at 2:24 PM, Kelly Rourke <<a href="mailto:kr@pollinator.org" target="_blank">kr@pollinator.org</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Nice educational video on buzz pollination from KQED:</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><a href="http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/19/486501293/watch-the-secret-buzz-only-bumblebees-know-to-unlock-our-favorite-crops" target="_blank">http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/07/19/486501293/watch-the-secret-buzz-only-bumblebees-know-to-unlock-our-favorite-crops</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Kelly Rourke
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Program Coordinator
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Pollinator Partnership</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">423 Washington Street, 5th Floor</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">San Francisco, CA 94111</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">e: </span><u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#0B2BB5"><a href="mailto:kr@pollinator.org" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0B2BB5">kr@pollinator.org</span></a></span></u><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#0B2BB5">
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">w:</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#0B2BB5"> <a href="http://www.pollinator.org/" target="_blank"><span style="color:#0B2BB5">www.pollinator.org</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">p: <a href="tel:415.362.1137" target="_blank">415.362.1137</a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/ThePollinatorPartnership" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1155CC;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="40" height="40" id="_x0000_i1025" src="cid:image001.jpg@01D1E265.B7A1E5F0" alt="cid:image001.jpg@01D15E89.826C9660"></span></a><a href="http://twitter.com/Pollinators" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1155CC;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="40" height="40" id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image002.jpg@01D1E265.B7A1E5F0" alt="cid:image002.jpg@01D15E89.826C9660"></span></a><a href="https://plus.google.com/u/0/+PollinatorOrg/about" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1155CC;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="40" height="40" id="_x0000_i1027" src="cid:image003.jpg@01D1E265.B7A1E5F0" alt="cid:image003.jpg@01D15E89.826C9660"></span></a><a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/PollinatorPartners" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#1155CC;text-decoration:none"><img border="0" width="40" height="40" id="_x0000_i1028" src="cid:image004.jpg@01D1E265.B7A1E5F0" alt="cid:image004.jpg@01D15E89.826C9660"></span></a><o:p></o:p></p>
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