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<h1 class="headline " style="background-attachment: scroll;
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vertical-align: baseline;">Pioneering vaccine seeks to save
dying honeybees</h1>
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padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <time
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datetime="2018-12-07 07:31:29 -0500">Published: Friday,
December 7, 2018</time> </section>
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Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: normal;
font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal;
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<section class="content" style="background-attachment: scroll;
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<p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image:
none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x:
0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px;
border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch;
border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none;
border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px;
border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none;
border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; margin-top: 14px; outline-color: invert; outline-style:
none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left:
0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">A growing number of honeybees die each year due to
pesticides, vanishing habitats, poor nutrition and climate
change, with potentially disastrous consequences for
agriculture and natural diversity.</p>
<p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image:
none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x:
0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px;
border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch;
border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none;
border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px;
border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none;
border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; margin-top: 14px; outline-color: invert; outline-style:
none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left:
0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">Now, scientists at the University of Helsinki have
developed the first edible vaccine against microbial
infections, hoping to save at least some of the pollinators.</p>
<p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image:
none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x:
0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px;
border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch;
border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none;
border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px;
border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none;
border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; margin-top: 14px; outline-color: invert; outline-style:
none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left:
0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">"We might be right now at a tipping point, without
even realizing it," Dalial Freitak, the lead scientist on the
project, said in an interview on Wednesday. "We've been taking
the pollination services for granted for so long. These
insects are not there, they are disappearing."</p>
<p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image:
none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x:
0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px;
border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch;
border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none;
border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px;
border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none;
border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; margin-top: 14px; outline-color: invert; outline-style:
none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left:
0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">The first vaccine inoculates bees against American
foulbrood, a globally spread disease that can kill entire
colonies and whose spores can remain viable for more than 50
years. The technology may in the future be used to combat
fungal diseases and other bacterial infections.</p>
<p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image:
none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x:
0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px;
border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch;
border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none;
border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px;
border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none;
border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; margin-top: 14px; outline-color: invert; outline-style:
none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left:
0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">The vaccine is administered via an edible sugar
patty that's suspended in the hive for the queen to consume
over seven to 10 days. After she ingests the pathogens, she is
able to spark an immune response in her offspring, eventually
generating an inoculated hive.</p>
<p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image:
none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x:
0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px;
border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch;
border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none;
border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px;
border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none;
border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; margin-top: 14px; outline-color: invert; outline-style:
none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left:
0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">The vaccine still needs a lot of work before it can
become commercially available. Scientists must ensure it's
safe for the environment, the bees themselves and humans who
consume the honey. Regulatory hurdles will take years to
clear. It's also too early to estimate how much beekeepers
will have to shell out to buy inoculated hives, Freitak said.</p>
<p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image:
none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x:
0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px;
border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch;
border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none;
border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px;
border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none;
border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; margin-top: 14px; outline-color: invert; outline-style:
none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left:
0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">While yields for potatoes, rice, wheat, and other
crops that don't need pollination may also benefit from more
bees, vitamin-rich fruits such as apples, tomatoes and
citruses won't deliver a crop without them, Freitak said.</p>
<p style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image:
none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x:
0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px;
border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch;
border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none;
border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px;
border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none;
border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 14px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; margin-top: 14px; outline-color: invert; outline-style:
none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left:
0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">"The problem really touches all of us," she said.
"We have to start tackling it from all sides." <em
style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip:
border-box; background-color: transparent; background-image:
none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position-x:
0%; background-position-y: 0%; background-repeat: repeat;
background-size: auto; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-width: 0px;
border-image-outset: 0; border-image-repeat: stretch;
border-image-slice: 100%; border-image-source: none;
border-image-width: 1; border-left-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-left-style: none; border-left-width: 0px;
border-right-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-right-style: none;
border-right-width: 0px; border-top-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
border-top-style: none; border-top-width: 0px; font-size:
14px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right:
0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: invert; outline-style:
none; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left:
0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align:
baseline;">— Kati Pohjanpalo, Bloomberg</em></p>
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