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<p>Lubinsky, P., et al. (2006). "Pollination of Vanilla and
evolution in Orchidaceae." Lindleyana 75: 926-929.</p>
<p><span itemprop="articleBody">The pollination of Vanilla
grandiflora by male Eulaema meriana is reported from the
Peruvian Amazon. No scent-collection behaviour was observed.
Vanilla is the most primitive orchid genus to demonstrate this
interaction, and is unique among orchids for having both
fragrant flowers and fruits.</span></p>
<p><span itemprop="articleBody"></span> <br>
Dam, A. R., et al. (2010). "Vanilla bicolor Lindl. (Orchidaceae)
from the Peruvian Amazon: auto-fertilization in Vanilla and notes
on floral phenology." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 57(4):
473-480.<br>
Minimal documentation exists for natural pollination in wild
Vanilla spp., despite the economic importance of this genus,
additionally commercial vanilla (V. planifolia Jacks.) is one of
very few crops whose production depends entirely on artificial
pollination. Flowering and fruiting phenology of Vanilla bicolor
Lindl., a close relative of V. planifolia, was documented in a
palm swamp in the Peruvian Amazon. V. bicolor was found to
auto-fertilize via bagging experiments. This ecotype had an
average fruit set per raceme of 42.50 ± 2.5%. Pollen removal
experiments suggest that stigmatic leak may be the mechanism by
which auto-pollination occurs in V. bicolor.<br>
<br>
<br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 5/8/2019 3:02 AM, Claus Rasmussen
via Pollinator wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:1198970192.1459429.1557298965594@mail.yahoo.com">
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style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif;font-size:16px;">
<div>Hello,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Interesting with the vanilla study. Schwarz in 1948 on the
stingless bees of the western hemisphere mentioned stingless
bees as an important agent, but I have only seen Eulaema in
the field visiting the genus Vanilla. Any studies available on
vanilla pollination? Not much comes out searching, except
speculations and anecdotal evidence. Youtube links on vanilla
pollination are also rather uninformative.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best, Claus</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><span style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-size: 13px;">------------------------------</span><br>
</div>
</div>
<div id="ydp1beae5ebyahoo_quoted_8135495836"
class="ydp1beae5ebyahoo_quoted">
<div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial,
sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;">
<div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Message: 2<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Date: Tue, 7 May 2019 10:38:40 -0600<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">From: David Inouye <<a
href="mailto:dwinouye@gmail.com" rel="nofollow"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">dwinouye@gmail.com</a>><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">To: "<a
href="mailto:pollinator@coevolution.org" rel="nofollow"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">pollinator@coevolution.org</a>"
<<a href="mailto:pollinator@coevolution.org"
rel="nofollow" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">pollinator@coevolution.org</a>><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Subject: [Pollinator] vanilla's pollinators<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Message-ID: <<a
href="mailto:8409548c-9be1-029d-3f8b-6b2b7113c9d6@umd.edu"
rel="nofollow" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">8409548c-9be1-029d-3f8b-6b2b7113c9d6@umd.edu</a>><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8;
format=flowed<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><a
href="https://www.dw.com/en/mexico-protecting-vanillas-only-natural-pollinators/a-48614137"
rel="nofollow" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.dw.com/en/mexico-protecting-vanillas-only-natural-pollinators/a-48614137</a><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">-- <br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Dr. David W. Inouye<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Professor Emeritus<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Department of Biology<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">University of Maryland<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">College Park, MD 20742-4415<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><a href="mailto:inouye@umd.edu"
rel="nofollow" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">inouye@umd.edu</a><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Principal Investigator<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">PO Box 519<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr">Crested Butte, CO 81224<br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
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<pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Dr. David W. Inouye
Professor Emeritus
Department of Biology
University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742-4415
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:inouye@umd.edu">inouye@umd.edu</a>
Principal Investigator
Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
PO Box 519
Crested Butte, CO 81224</pre>
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