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<div class="gmail-c-article-section gmail-js-article-section" id="gmail-Abs1-section"><h2 class="gmail-c-article-section__title gmail-u-h2 gmail-js-section-title gmail-js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="gmail-Abs1"><span style="font-weight:normal"><font size="2">A new paper, just out today. <br></font></span></h2><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><span style="font-weight:normal"><font size="2">Assessment of risk to hoary squash bees (Peponapis pruinosa) and other ground-nesting bees from systemic insecticides in agricultural soil</font></span></blockquote><h2 class="gmail-c-article-section__title gmail-u-h2 gmail-js-section-title gmail-js-c-reading-companion-sections-item" id="gmail-Abs1">Abstract</h2><div class="gmail-c-article-section__content gmail-js-collapsible-section" id="gmail-Abs1-content"><p>Using the hoary squash bee (<i>Peponapis pruinosa</i>)
as a model, we provide the first probabilistic risk assessment of
exposure to systemic insecticides in soil for ground-nesting bees. To
assess risk in acute and chronic exposure scenarios in <i>Cucurbita</i>
and field crops, concentrations of clothianidin, thiamethoxam and
imidacloprid (neonicotinoids) and chlorantraniliprole (anthranilic
diamide) in cropped soil were plotted to produce an environmental
exposure distribution for each insecticide. The probability of
exceedance of several exposure endpoints (LC<sub>50</sub>s) was compared to an acceptable risk threshold (5%). In <i>Cucurbita</i> crops, under acute exposure, risk to hoary squash bees was below 5% for honey bee LC<sub>50</sub>s for all residues evaluated but exceeded 5% for clothianidin and imidacloprid using a solitary bee LC<sub>50</sub>. For <i>Cucurbita</i>
crops in the chronic exposure scenario, exposure risks for clothianidin
and imidacloprid exceeded 5% for all endpoints, and exposure risk for
chlorantraniliprole was below 5% for all endpoints. In field crops, risk
to ground-nesting bees was high from clothianidin in all exposure
scenarios and high for thiamethoxam and imidacloprid under chronic
exposure scenarios. Risk assessments for ground-nesting bees should
include exposure impacts from pesticides in soil and could use the hoary
squash bee as an ecotoxicology model.</p></div></div><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47805-1">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-47805-1</a></div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""><br><br></span></b></p></span><br></div></div></div></div></div></div>