<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><span id="gmail-docs-internal-guid-c3a7d56e-7fff-3457-8911-17cfc90e5d4d"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Hello all,</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">I'm writing to comment on the recent press release shared by Matthew Shepherd of Xerces Society in this listserv about the “pollinator highway” bill. This Senate bill states that it will "help revive monarch and pollinator habitat at a time when the population of pollinators—critical to American agriculture—has dangerously declined" by creating "pollinator highways." The bill proposes to add pollinator-friendly plants to roads as a solution to the pollinator decline that threatens our food supply and ecosystems.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">I want to point out several things.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">First off, what is frustrating is that this program, and others like it, completely misses the point, which is that we need to design comprehensively. Design that is centered on car infrastructure is in large part what has caused many of our environmental crises to begin with. Centering such a design on roads is an ineffective approach that wastes time and money when a better, much more comprehensive, design solution is needed not only to support pollinators, but to confront the much larger environmental issues before us. It enables roads to be a driver of a design, rather than thinking of them as one aspect within a larger design strategy. </span><span style="background-color:transparent;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial;font-size:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap">A result is the expansion of roads with plants, or decorated sprawl. </span><span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:11pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">A better design approach--one that limits this kind of natural infrastructure momentum from continuing--connects park to park, strategically supports density, and brings players together to collaborate. This can include land near roads (and, better yet, going </span><span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:11pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">over</span><span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:11pt;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> roads) to connect fragmented landscapes, but it doesn’t make roads the driver of the design. Anything short of large-scale systems change doesn’t get us where we want to be. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Two, this bill is entirely derived from my work, while also misunderstanding it. This is frustrating, but more importantly, it obscures the valuable conversation I’ve been trying to create--a conversation that I believe will benefit us all. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">Twelve years ago, I created a global-scale ecological design project called the Pollinator Pathway. It centers the need for comprehensive, transformative design in the Anthropocene--the type of design that challenges us to change our broken systems, to think differently, and work together to create a better future. It has to do with flipping the narrative of nature as “over there,” to looking at how our human systems are designed and behave in conjunction with other nonhuman systems. Design wise, it adds up to thinking comprehensively: ecologically connecting national parks and other fragmented landscapes (and thereby connecting life to life), designing for density in cities (in support of walkable cities that produce less sprawl, which translates to more ecology </span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-style:italic;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">outside</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> cities, and less climate change); creating ecologically rich landscapes to counter the industrial agriculture that generates weak, homogeneous plant and insect populations (monocultures and imported honey bees); and designing for the symbiotic relationships between native plants and pollinators (which supports biological abundance). By connecting land fragments, we support the phenology, or timing, of life, and by designing for density in cities we reduce a great driver of biodiversity loss: sprawl. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">This work also brings a completely different perspective to thinking about problems of extinction than typical conservation approaches. It frames it as a design problem. Included in this design problem is an approach to environmentalism that operates in professional silos and primarily tackles discrete issues (singular threatened species or singular vulnerable areas) instead of thinking holistically. This is in part a symptom of a historical western viewpoint of nature, which conceptualizes humans as dominant and separate from other life systems (and its inverse belief, that nature must be saved—which is too big a topic to do more than touch on here, but Charles Mann’s </span><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2002/03/1491/302445/" style="text-decoration-line:none"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;background-color:transparent;font-style:italic;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;text-decoration-line:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">1491</span></a><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> or Jedediah Purdy’s </span><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/11/nature-has-lost-its-meaning/417918/" style="text-decoration-line:none"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;background-color:transparent;font-style:italic;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;text-decoration-line:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">After Nature</span></a><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> are a helpful start). Essentially, all design that flows from such a fragmented perspective, leads to fragmented design—and this bill is a good example of it.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">To launch my project, I made an initial design in Seattle as a proof of concept for the larger thinking behind it. The project happened to be a pathway for pollinators that utilizes unused median space within an urban setting. It was designed to accomplish two things—to connect park to park (in this case, a campus and a woods), and to support density (it took advantage of underutilized urban space where no buildings could be built). This civic design was a prototype for a larger, aspirational vision: to connect the national parks and provide inspiration for designing for urban density (something we especially struggle with in the US). </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><br></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="background-color:transparent;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:Arial;font-size:11pt;white-space:pre-wrap">My project got a lot of attention across a wide spectrum—it seemingly appealed to all fields—and the conservation community was smitten. Unfortunately, people were excited about the literal physical manifestation of this one example project, and they missed the “why” behind it or the guiding philosophy about comprehensive, systemic, and lasting design. Instead, what they saw in my project was a new type of pollinator garden, or a way to spruce up roads, and they ignored the goals of connectivity and density. They took that (incorrect) idea and ran with it, creating new bee highways, roads, freeways, paths, parkways, etc. They also rarely attempted to either collaborate with me or credit my work, even as they badly interpreted it. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">In addition, it was regularly mistaken for a honeybee project, which is biologically backwards (one of the last things we need to do is expand honeybee range outside of big-scale agriculture). This misunderstanding would expand domesticated landscapes and exacerbate native pollinator loss, which would diminish biological insurance. It also has real implications for the Anthropocene—it gives an unexamined answer to one of its biggest questions—what (or who) the future of nature is for. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">This poor interpretation of my project not only doesn’t accomplish the correct goals, it also has made it very difficult for me to talk about the ideas I was trying to get at in the first place. The project's strength isn’t in a binary conversation (are we killing or saving honeybees, killing or saving native pollinators). It is about a more beautiful way to think about all this: the history of the earth, how life shapes life, our place in this story, and a way forward that shifts our thinking—humanity thinking symbiotically at civilization scale, on long (epoch length) time. This is not about creating roadside gardens on highways to support weak agricultural systems. Nor is it about taking two parts—conservation and roads—and bringing them together, frankenstein style. And it is also not about just adding more plants to cities—it is about redesigning how our cities work in conjunction to the landscapes they are situated in. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">This current proposal is no different from the various bee highway projects that came before it. It’s taking the friendly attitude, social cache, and marketing of my work, and applying it to an idea that is the opposite of what I’ve been trying to get across. It </span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-style:italic;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">sounds</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> good, but does nothing to rethink our existing infrastructure or the systems that are creating the problem of extinction—it in fact adds to them. While I do not doubt it is well-intentioned in its goals, it is greenwashing of the highest order, because it doesn’t respond to the root of the problem in its thinking, communication, or execution. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">This bill will divert resources and take the important ideas I've put forth and warp them into something else that does us all a disservice. It misses a tremendous opportunity to imagine and design better, and have a real positive impact on the future—and it also contributes to a death of better design. We will look back on this effort in the panoply of projects trying to design for a better outcome for the world, and recognize it for what it is—a failure of design thinking that diverted funding, momentum and public engagement to decorating highways—while co-opting the project it was based on that actually connects land and supports lasting design. We don’t have time for this kind of poor sportsmanship. This is not just a misuse of my time, it is a misuse of public trust. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">I have two recommendations. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;text-decoration-line:line-through;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">-</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">One, I recommend you halt this bill, and bring in the person behind it to rework it. </span></p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"> </p><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">-Two, call that reworked bill what it is—a Pollinator Pathway, and seek to support and build on the work I did. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">The irony is that I made the Pollinator Pathway project </span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-style:italic;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">for</span><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap"> organizations like yours. This project is based in a sincere, twelve year effort to support good design—and it was made to be used. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);background-color:transparent;font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap">-Sarah Bergmann</span></p></span><br class="gmail-Apple-interchange-newline"></div><div dir="ltr">-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Sarah Bergmann<div>Creative Director</div><div>Pollinator Pathway</div><div><a href="http://www.pollinatorpathway.com" target="_blank">www.pollinatorpathway.com</a></div><i style="color:rgb(136,136,136)"><font size="1"></font></i><i style="color:rgb(136,136,136)"><font size="1"></font></i><div></div></div></div></div></div></div> <br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Nov 20, 2019 at 2:20 PM Matthew Shepherd <<a href="mailto:matthew.shepherd@xerces.org">matthew.shepherd@xerces.org</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US"><div class="gmail-m_7776981292871150954WordSection1"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:rgb(31,78,121)">Hi everyone,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:rgb(31,78,121)"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:rgb(31,78,121)">I’m just passing on this news release from Sen. Merkley (D-OR).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:rgb(31,78,121)"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:rgb(31,78,121)">Matthew</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10pt;line-height:115%"><span style="color:rgb(31,78,121)"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10pt;line-height:115%"><span style="color:rgb(31,78,121)">***********************************************</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10pt;line-height:115%"><span style="color:rgb(31,78,121)"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:10pt;text-align:center;line-height:115%"><span style="font-size:36pt;line-height:115%">United States Senate</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%">FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%">November 20, 2019</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%">Contact: <a href="mailto:martina_mclennan@merkley.senate.gov?subject=In%20Response%20To:%20Merkley,%20Alexander,%20Carper,%20Rounds%20Introduce%20Bipartisan%20Legislation%20to%20Create%20Monarch%20and%20Pollinator%20Highways" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">Martina McLennan</span></a>/<a href="mailto:ray_zaccaro@merkley.senate.gov?subject=In%20Response%20To:%20Merkley,%20Alexander,%20Carper,%20Rounds%20Introduce%20Bipartisan%20Legislation%20to%20Create%20Monarch%20and%20Pollinator%20Highways" target="_blank"><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193)">Ray Zaccaro</span></a> (Merkley) – 202-224-3753</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:115%"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:6pt;text-align:center;line-height:115%"><b><span style="font-size:16pt;line-height:115%">Merkley, Alexander, Carper, Rounds Introduce Bipartisan Legislation to Create Monarch and Pollinator Highways</span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><i><span style="font-size:14pt">Bill would help revive monarch and pollinator habitat at a time when the population of pollinators—critical to American agriculture—has dangerously declined</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><i><span style="font-size:14pt"> </span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">WASHINGTON, D.C. – Oregon’s Senator Jeff Merkley joined Senators Lamar Alexander (R-TN), Tom Carper (D-DE), and Mike Rounds (R-SD) today to introduce new, bipartisan legislation to help states create pollinator-friendly habitats along roads and highways. This legislation would help address the steep decline of pollinator populations, which poses a serious threat to American farmers and the American food supply.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">Specifically, the <i>Monarch and Pollinator Highway (MPH) Act of 2019</i> would establish a federal grant program available to state departments of transportation and Indian tribes to carry out pollinator-friendly practices on roadsides and highway rights-of-way.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">“As monarch and honeybee populations decline precipitously, we don’t just risk losing these beautiful creatures—we also face an existential threat to American agriculture and our food supply,” <b>said Merkley</b>. “Every state already contains thousands of miles of green space around roads and highways. If we transformed just a fraction of this land back to natural pollinator habitat, we could make a real difference to pollinator populations. This is a bipartisan, common-sense idea that the Senate should adopt without delay.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">“Pollinators, especially bees, are vital to creating and maintaining the habitats and ecosystems that we rely on to produce our food. This bill will help states promote highway beautification and preservation of these pollinator habitats along roadways,” <b>Alexander said</b>. “The Tennessee Department of Transportation’s Pollinator Habitat Program is one of the nation’s best state efforts in building and maintaining pollinator habitats along all of its state-maintained roadways. If this legislation were to become law, the Tennessee Department of Transportation could apply for federal funding to continue expanding their Pollinator Habitat Program.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">“Monarch butterflies and other pollinators serve an indispensable role in our natural ecosystems, and their population decline poses a profound threat to both American food supply and to the economic success of farmers in Delaware and throughout the country,” <b>said Carper, top Democrat on the Environment and Public Works Committee</b>. “Through the use of competitive grants and assistance to communities, this bipartisan bill will take meaningful, innovative steps towards building up pollinator habitats along our nation’s roads and highways – helping our natural environment and our nation’s agricultural industry at the same time. I want to thank Senators Merkley, Alexander and Rounds for their leadership on this urgent issue.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">“Bees play a vital role in making sure food gets on our table, acting as pollinators for approximately one-third of all agricultural products in the U.S. Our legislation seeks to use innovation and targeted conservation practices to protect and improve bees’ natural habitat so they can continue to provide this essential service and make certain future generations of crops and plants are produced,” <b>said Rounds.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">“With so much of our natural landscape lost the millions of acres of roadsides across the US have become increasingly important as pollinator habitat,” <b>said Scott Black, Executive Director of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation.</b> “The Xerces Society is excited to support the <i>Monarch and Pollinator Highway (MPH) Act of 2019</i> which will provide much needed funding for states to maximize habitat management and restoration for these vital animals.”</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">“Pollinators are in great peril, with populations that have dropped precipitously in recent decades. Protecting pollinator habitat along roadways is one helpful step in combating this rapid decline of bees and butterflies,” <b>said Jason Davidson, Food and Agriculture Campaigner at Friends of the Earth.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:12pt">MPH Act</span></i><span style="font-size:12pt"> grants could be used for:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><ul style="margin-top:0in" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10pt;line-height:115%"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%">The planting and seeding of native, locally-appropriate grasses, wildflowers, and milkweed;</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10pt;line-height:115%"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%">Mowing strategies that promote early successional vegetation and limit disturbance during periods of highest use by target pollinator species;</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10pt;line-height:115%"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%">Implementation of an integrated vegetation management approach to address weed and pest issues;</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10pt;line-height:115%"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%">Removing nonnative grasses from planting and seeding mixes except for use as nurse or cover crops; or</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:10pt;line-height:115%"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:115%">Any other pollinator-friendly practices the Secretary of Transportation determines will be eligible.</span></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">The bill also requires the Department of Transportation (DOT) to help states develop best practices around pollinator-friendly roads and highways. The bill would require DOT to develop and make available to state departments of transportation a prioritization ranking of pollinator-friendly practices on roadsides and highway rights-of-way, and to provide technical assistance to states that request it.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt">The <i>MPH Act</i> comes as the population of monarch butterflies, honeybees, and other pollinators face dangerous declines. Western U.S. monarch populations hit a record low in 2018, with one researcher </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/09/science/monarch-butterfly-california.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(5,99,193)">describing the drop as “potentially catastrophic.”</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt"> The honeybee population has also seen dramatic declines in recent years, with a 40% year-over-year decline between 2018 and 2019, and one expert describing </span><a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/40-decline-honey-bee-population-winter-unsustainable-experts/story?id=64191609" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(5,99,193)">repeated year-over-year losses as “unsustainably high.”</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt"> The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that </span><a href="https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/plantsanimals/pollinate/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:rgb(5,99,193)">approximately 35% of the world’s food crops</span></a><span style="font-size:12pt"> depend on pollinators for survival. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span style="font-size:12pt">###</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p></div></div>
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