[Pollinator] FW: Benefits of insects

[Ladadams@aol.com]

Thanks to Kimberly Erusha here is another version of last week's great insect 
supporting articles.

 In a message dated 4/10/2006 7:14:18 AM Pacific Daylight Time, 
kerusha at USGA.org writes:
Good morning Laurie,
An interesting article on the benefits of insects with some good economic 
data.
http://www.hpj.com/dtnnewstable.cfm?type=story&sid=16566 
Value of Services Performed by Insects Tops $57 Billion in US (04/03/06 07:40)
 
OMAHA (DTN) -- Think twice before you blithely swat, stomp, curse or ignore 
insects, says Cornell University entomologist John Losey, who co-authored a 
study that shows the dollar value of some of those insect services is more than 
$57 billion in the United States annually. According to a EurekAlert! release, 
the research appears in the journal BioScience April 1. 
"Most insects tirelessly perform functions that improve our environment and 
lives in ways that scientists are only beginning to understand," Losey says. 
"Don't let the insects' small stature fool you - these minute marvels provide 
valuable services." 
The study found that native insects are food for wildlife that supports a $50 
billion recreation industry, provide more than $4.5 billion in pest control, 
pollinate $3 billion in crops and clean up grazing lands, which saves ranchers 
some $380 million a year. 
And these are "very conservative" estimates that probably represent only a 
fraction of the true value, reports Losey, associate professor of entomology at 
Cornell. 
This analysis of the economic value of these insect services is the first 
analysis of its type, said Losey, who co-authored the study with Mace Vaughan, 
Cornell M.S. '99, conservation director of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate 
Conservation in Portland, Ore., which works to protect native insect habitats 
through education and research. 
Insects are an integral part of a complex web of interactions that helps put 
food on our tables and remove our wastes. Humans -- and probably most life on 
earth -- would perish without insects, Vaughan said. 
Losey and Vaughan's study focused on the economic value of four particular 
services -wildlife nutrition, pest control, pollination and dung burial -- 
selected because robust data were available for an analysis. 
"A lot of value is added to the economy by insects, but most people just 
don't realize it," said Losey. "When considering the allocation of conservation 
resources, or the management of natural habitat, we must think about this value 
to make sure that insects can continue to do their beneficial work. 
"We know how to repair roads and other components of our physical 
infrastructure, but our biological infrastructure is vulnerable to degradation too," said 
Losey, an applied insect ecologist. "If we do not take care of it, it will 
break down and could seriously impact the economy." 
"In fact in many places -- crop pollination, for example - the cracks in the 
infrastructure are already showing," says Vaughn. 
Using published data, Losey and Vaughan compared the values of each service 
at current levels of function to theoretical levels if these serves were 
absent. 
For wildlife nutrition, the researchers used census data on how much is spent 
annually on observing or hunting wildlife, and what proportion of the animals 
in those categories depend on insects for nutrition. 
For pest control, they looked at the amount of damage now incurred by pests, 
and, knowing that 65 percent of pests are controlled by other insects, 
calculated the losses if predators or parasites weren't going after their prey. 
For pollination, they looked at the value of the crops known to be insect 
pollinated and subtracted the value of those pollinated by domesticated 
honeybees. 
For dung burial, they estimated the losses if dung beetles did not clean 
nearby plants and cattle environments, which would deter cattle from eating the 
plants and attract more flies and parasites that would have to be controlled. 
They also calculated how much fertilizer would be needed to compensate for the 
nitrogen not being returned to the soil so promptly by the beetles. 
The analysis did not include such important insect services as decomposing 
carcasses, garbage and trees (thereby decreasing the likelihood of forest 
fires); producing honey, shellac, dyes and other products; being used in medicine or 
as a source of food for animals other than those used in hunting, fishing and 
birding; and providing a direct source of food for humans. 
Based on their analysis, Losey and Vaughan call for greater investment in 
research on the ecological functions of insects so that the services they provide 
can be conserved or even enhanced. 


Laurie Davies Adams
Executive Director
Coevolution Institute
423 Washington St. 5th
San Francisco, CA 94111
415 362 1137
www.coevolution.org
www.nappc.org

Our future flies on the wings of pollinators.
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