[Pollinator] Pollinator Digest, Vol 2065, Issue 1

Mon Oct 1 13:47:59 PDT 2018

 Dear Team,I attach my last paper about wild bees in Algeria.
Best regardsProf. Leila BendifallahHead of Department of AgronomyFaculty of SciencesUniversity Mhamed Bougara of BoumerdesAlgeria
    Le lundi 1 octobre 2018 à 20:00:36 UTC+1, pollinator-request at lists.sonic.net <pollinator-request at lists.sonic.net> a écrit :  

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Today's Topics:

  1. ARTICLE: Pollinator-mediated mechanisms for increased
      reproductive success in early flowering plants [Echinacea] (Oikos
      2018) (De Angelis, Patricia)
  2. Pesticides an bee memory (De Angelis, Patricia)

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Message: 1
Date: Mon, 1 Oct 2018 09:39:52 -0400
From: "De Angelis, Patricia" <patricia_deangelis at fws.gov>
To: Pollinator <Pollinator at lists.sonic.net>
Subject: [Pollinator] ARTICLE: Pollinator-mediated mechanisms for
    increased reproductive success in early flowering plants [Echinacea]
    (Oikos 2018)
Message-ID:
    <CAAePDe9DBmPuW1e2L06LxzDCKXjCCg5potvc4vB5+PHWxK__PA at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

NOTE: ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA is an early flowering species native to the
tallgrass prairie and North American Great Plains, which is among the most
endangered habitats in the world [NSF 2014
<https://nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=130338>]. This species
was chosen as the focal species for this research because 1) information
about its pollination and flowering biology exists; and 2) its reproduction
is known to decrease with habitat fragmentation. Considered to be one of
the best perennial flowers for bees, Over 26 pollinator species visit this
plant and yet isolated plants are consistently pollinator limited. This
research explores how three aspects of "pollinator services" change over
the season: which pollinator species are visiting? how many visits each
taxon makes? and how much pollen is transferred within the same plant
species?

POLLINATOR-MEDIATED MECHANISMS FOR INCREASED REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN EARLY
FLOWERING PLANTS
By: Jennifer L. Ison, Leah J. Prescott, Scott W. Nordstrom, Amy Waananen
and Stuart Wagenius
Oikos 00: 1?13, 2018

ABSTRACT
Mating activities change within a season in many animal and plant
populations. In plants, selection towards early flowering is commonly
observed. Pollinator-mediated selection is hypothesized to be a pervasive
evolutionary force acting directionally on flowering time. However,
pollinator-mediated mechanisms have rarely been tested in realistic field
conditions, especially in perennial plants visited by a diversity of
generalist insect pollinators. We examined pollinator visitation in eight
 ECHINACEA ANGUSTIFOLIA (hereafter Echinacea) populations in western
Minnesota, USA, to gauge the potential for pollinator-mediated selection.
Echinacea is a common prairie perennial that persists in isolated remnant
populations. Echinacea is self-incompatible and is pollinated by a
diversity of generalist solitary bees. A previous study found that early
flowering Echinacea plants have higher seed set and their reproduction is
less pollen-limited than late flowering plants. Twelve times throughout a
flowering season, we quantified pollinator visitation rates and pollinator
community composition. In three sites, we also estimated the quality of
pollinator visits by examining the composition of pollinators? pollen loads
brought to Echinacea plants. We found that three aspects of pollination
dramatically decreased over the course of the flowering season. 1)
Pollinators visited early flowering plants more frequently than late
flowering plants. 2) The pollinator community was also less diverse late in
the flowering season and became dominated by a single species of small bee,
AUGOCHLORELLA AURATA. 3) Pollinators visiting Echinacea late in the season
carried proportionally less conspecific pollen compared to pollinators
visiting Echinacea early in the flowering season. Understanding
within-season dynamics of pollination helps predict the prevalence of
inbreeding, phenological assortative mating, and reproductive failure,
especially in fragmented plant populations.
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Message: 2
Date: Mon, 1 Oct 2018 12:59:05 -0400
From: "De Angelis, Patricia" <patricia_deangelis at fws.gov>
To: Pollinator <Pollinator at lists.sonic.net>
Subject: [Pollinator] Pesticides an bee memory
Message-ID:
    <CAAePDe9h6pAw9OALjqzS1FcwxvSCLY_TmbwyNCbtEdKPcp0=-A at mail.gmail.com>
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Recent article from
*Ecological Society of America*
30 August 2018
<https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fee.1940>
*Dispatches*
Pesticides and bee memory

Richard Kemeny

Pesticides are negatively affecting the memory and learning ability of
bees, according to a new study (*J Appl Ecol* 2018;
doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13193). Social bees must remember the location of
thousands of food sources and return to the hive, meaning that memory loss
could have major consequences for colony survival, with possible
ramifications for agriculture and food security.

A team at the Royal Holloway University of London (Egham, UK) conducted a
meta?analysis covering 23 papers, spanning almost a decade. The analysis
focused on studies using a common test for learning and memory in bees, in
which they learn to associate an unknown scent with a sucrose reward. The
researchers wanted to determine the effects of field?realistic doses ? a
contentious term, which they defined after consulting various recent
sources in the scientific literature. They also distinguished between acute
(one dose) and chronic (repeated doses over a period of days) exposure to
insecticides.

Combining data from across the studies showed significant impacts in both
learning and memory, even after just one brief encounter. ?This occurs even
at the low levels of pesticides that bees would routinely encounter in the
field?, says lead author Harry Siviter. Long?term exposure had additional
impacts on memory.

?Our findings highlight the need for policy makers and regulators to
increasingly consider the sublethal impacts of insecticides on important
pollinators such as bees?, Siviter continues. The research also exposes key
knowledge gaps. ?Especially relevant is the scarcity of studies on the most
sensitive life stage of bees ? the larvae?, explains Edward Mitchell,
a professor at the Institute of Biology, University of Neuch?tel
(Neuch?tel, Switzerland).

Earlier this year, the European Union voted in favor of a near?total ban on
neonicotinoids ? the most widely used insecticide ? which is expected to
come into force in the coming months. But crucially, the team found no
difference between the impact of these and other pesticides on learning and
memory. ?We should seriously question the idea that any pesticide can be
deemed safe for bees and other pollinators?, says Mitchell. ?The question
here of course is sustainability in the very long term, and the
conservation of viable populations of pollinators.?
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